This study presents an empirical assessment based on panel data analysis for 44 countries classified as "Upper Middle Income" by the World Bank, and analyzes the relationship between the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and indicators of institutional, social, economic, environmental, and technological infrastructure. In models where the six components of the LPI are considered as dependent variables, twelve independent variables are included in the analyses. Key findings indicate that government effectiveness, male labor force, urbanization, communication, internet access, access to electricity, and environmental variables have positive effects in different LPI models. Conversely, contrary to general expectations in the literature, political stability and foreign direct investment variables show negative effects on all LPI sub-dimensions. Furthermore, analyses considering income level differences reveal that countries with higher income levels within the upper middle income group exhibit stronger performance in all sub-dimensions of the LPI. These findings offer important implications for policy design and investment decisions aimed at improving logistics performance in upper middle income economies.