Abstract

Highlights Please indicate how your work links to systems science via your contributions to systems practice, theory, and/or methodology. What are the main findings and/or the implications of the main findings?Highlights Please indicate how your work links to systems science via your contributions to systems practice, theory, and/or methodology. What are the main findings and/or the implications of the main findings?Abstract Industrialization and mining raise the heavy metal burden of soil ecosystems and create risks for both the environment and human health. Apportionment becomes difficult when neighboring facilities emit overlapping metal signatures, and conventional receptor models compound the difficulty by returning contribution shares without an attached uncertainty statement. This study develops a probabilistic apportionment framework for the coal-steel industrial zone of Zonguldak, Turkey, using 93 georeferenced topsoil stations and eight priority metals. Graphical Lasso estimates a sparse conditional dependency graph whose nodes are the measured metals; fixed propagation over that graph expands each observation into a 24-dimensional relational representation; and a Dirichlet neural posterior estimator maps the representation to source contribution distributions. The Dirichlet parameterization enforces non-negativity and unit sum by construction and delivers 95% credible intervals at every station; empirical coverage on held-out simulations was 0.957 against a nominal 0.95. Averaged across the province, posterior mean contributions were 0.25 for the iron-and-steel sector, 0.25 for thermal power generation, and 0.50 for a composite residual class that combines geogenic background with unmodelled anthropogenic inputs. The two industrial signals concentrate around Ere & gbreve;li and & Ccedil;atala & gbreve;z & imath;, while the residual class dominates elsewhere. The graph employed here encodes chemical relationships among metals and not geographical relationships among stations; maps of the posterior estimates are reported as post hoc visualizations. The framework is offered as an uncertainty-aware methodological contribution, and comparison against established receptor models remains to be carried out.

  • Kapsamı

    Uluslararası

  • Type

    Hakemli

  • Index info

    WOS.SSCI

  • Language

    English

  • Article Type

    None

  • Keywords

    source apportionment soil heavy metals inter-metal dependency graph Graphical Lasso simulation-based inference Dirichlet posterior uncertainty quantification coal-steel industrial zone