Purpose To investigate the post operative pupillary dynamics under different lighting conditions and evaluate the effect of topical non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in early postoperative inflammation following an uneventful cataract surgery. Methods A prospective, randomized clinical study. Fifty eyes of 50 patients underwent uneventful conventional cataract surgery were randomized (1:1) to receive postoperative moxifloxacin 0.5% and dexamethasone 0.1% only (NSAID (-) group) or combined with nepafenac 0.1% (NSAID ( +) group). Pupillography was performed under scotopic, mesopic and photopic conditions before the surgery, at postoperative 1st week and 1st month. Clinical parameters and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) during phacoemulsification were recorded. Results Twenty-six women and 24 men were studied. A significant decrease was found in scotopic pupil diameter (PD) in NSAID (-) group, that this decrease was 12.9% and 7.54% at postoperative 1st week and 1st month (p = 0.003, p = 0.045, respectively). However, no significant change was calculated in NSAID ( +) group. Also, a significant decrease of 5.3% was found in mesopic PD at postoperative 1st week in NSAID (-) group (p = 0.016). Under photopic conditions, no difference was noted neither in NSAID (-) nor in NSAID ( +) group during the follow up (All p > 0.05). The mean CDE value was insignificant between two groups (9.07 +/- 5.21, 9.50 +/- 5.40, respectively) (p = 0.398). Conclusion Adjunctive topical Nepafenac 0.1% use might attenuate early postoperative scotopic and mesopic pupil constriction following an uneventful cataract surgery. Although the effect appears most pronounced during the first postoperative week, this short-term benefit may be clinically relevant, particularly for patients with premium intraocular lens or those who rely heavily on low-light vision.