Membrane technology has proved itself a valuable asset in oily wastewater (OWW) treatment due to its high efficiency, and low energy cost; however, membrane fouling has significantly restricted its long-term usage. Despite the numerous research conducted around fabricating fouling-resistant membranes, many current approaches face stability problems and lower lifespans. In this study, a fouling-resistant Cellulose Acetate (CA)/UiO-66 nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method to address these limitations. UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized using a solvothermal approach and were incorporated into the CA matrix to regulate membrane structure and surface properties. UiO-66 increased hydrophilicity, decreased surface roughness, and encouraged pore formation. When compared to pristine CA, the optimal membrane with 0.75 wt% UiO-66 showed a 55% increase in pure water flux (131.63 LMH) while retaining a high oil rejection of 97.42%. Additionally, there was an improvement of 115% in mechanical strength and 36.13% in abrasion resistance. A higher flux recovery ratio of up to 84.09% revealed better antifouling capabilities. The above points clearly indicate that the addition of UiO-66 is a successful approach in developing long-lasting effective antifouling membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater.