This study presents a comprehensive experimental-numerical framework for the seismic performance improvement of a 19th-century Ottoman masonry minaret located in Devrek, T & uuml;rkiye, by employing fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) dowel and clamp connectors between disjointed stone blocks. Unlike conventional strengthening practices based on metallic elements, the proposed FRP solution offers a lightweight, corrosionresistant, and architecturally compatible alternative aimed at enhancing structural integrity while ensuring heritage preservation. A systematic experimental program was designed to characterize the mechanical contribution of FRP connectors. Stone block assemblies embedded with FRP dowels and clamps were subjected to uniaxial tensile and direct shear tests, enabling the quantification of both elastic and post-yield stiffness parameters. These values were subsequently incorporated into a high-fidelity three-dimensional finite-difference model of the minaret developed in FLAC3D. The model explicitly represented block-to-block interactions through nonlinear spring interfaces calibrated with the experimental stiffness data. To ensure accuracy in dynamic response prediction, the numerical model was validated against site-specific ambient vibration testing (AVT). Experimentally measured natural frequencies and mode shapes were compared with numerical modal analyses, showing excellent correlation with deviations below 5%, thereby confirming the model's reliability in capturing the global vibrational characteristics of the structure. Upon validation, the retrofitted and unretrofitted configurations were subjected to nonlinear response-history analyses under ten real ground motion records, including the 2023 Kahramanmaras & cedil; earthquakes. Results reveal that FRP connectors effectively reduced interblock relative displacements by up to 70%, suppressed tensile crack initiation in critical shaft-to-balcony transition regions, and redistributed stresses toward a more uniform ductile response. Additionally, a significant reduction in principal tensile stress concentrations was observed, indicating enhanced damage tolerance and seismic energy dissipation capacity. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of FRP mechanical connectors as a conservation-compatible strengthening technique for slender masonry heritage towers. The findings not only establish a validated methodology integrating experimental testing, numerical modeling, and AVT-based calibration but also provide essential insights for performance-based seismic assessment and retrofitting of unreinforced masonry minarets worldwide.