Abstract

Saharan dust transport is a recurrent, transboundary source of air-quality degradation and public-health risk across the wider Caribbean yet monitoring capacity across the region remains uneven and fragmented. This study investigates the magnitude, seasonality, and surface air-quality impacts of major Saharan dust intrusions affecting the Caribbean between 2020 and 2024 using a hybrid observational framework. Satellite-derived aerosol products, ground-based air-quality and aerosol measurements, and trajectory modelling are jointly employed to identify and characterize extreme dust events. Dust events are detected using combined Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and & Aring;ngstr & ouml;m Exponent (AE) thresholds (AOD > 0.5; AE < 0.7). The analysis examines spatial and temporal variations in AOD, surface dust mass concentrations, and PM10 lev-els, and evaluates the contribution of transported dust to observed surface pollution. Results reveal a pronounced seasonal pattern, with most dust intrusions occurring during boreal summer months. Four major regional dust events are identified over the study period. Among these, the June 2020 "Godzilla" event produced the most severe impacts, with AOD values reaching 1.7-1.9, corresponding to an approximate three- to four-fold increase relative to past intrusion events. Addition-ally, dust mass concentrations and PM10 levels exceeded World Health Organization guidelines during this period. The findings demonstrate that remote sensing alone is insufficient to fully capture the surface-level impacts of Saharan dust transport. A coordinated, multi-sensor monitoring and early-warning framework is urgently needed to support region-wide air-quality management and public-health responses to African dust intrusions in the Caribbean.

  • Kapsamı

    Uluslararası

  • Type

    Hakemli

  • Index info

    WOS.SCI

  • Language

    English

  • Article Type

    None