Purpose: Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment is influenced by many factors. We investigated the effects of bone marrow fibrosis and angiogenetic structure on engraftment in patients with hematological malignancies.,Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 34 patients (20 males and 14 females) who underwent autologous HSC transplantation. Bone marrow myelofibrosis was graded from 0 to 3, angiogenesis was quantified using a stereological method in the most recent bone marrow biopsy before the transplantation. Patients were categorized into two groups according to intensity of angiogenesis parameters.,Results: Half of the patients had fibrosis and majority had multiple myeloma (73.5%). Eleven patients had grade 1, six had grade 2 myelofibrosis. The engraftment day (ED) for platelets and erythrocytes was significantly different between the grade 2 fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups. VSD and NVES levels were significantly higher in the grades 1 and 2 fibrosis groups than the no fibrosis group. While the overall survival time was shorter in the grade 2 fibrosis group than the others, the difference was not statistically significant.,Conclusion: Bone marrow fibrosis was found to be independent risk factor. It may have a negative effect on platelet and erythrocyte engraftment time of autologous transplantation process but this effect does not influence survival.