Hydrogen possesses a lot of potential as a renewable source of energy due to its high energy density and positive impact on the environment. It is expected to play a substantial role in various long-term applications. Considerable research effort has been directed toward identifying suitable materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS), including graphene-based materials. Graphene's exceptional properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, electrochemical activity, chemical stability, and structural flexibility, make it an ideal candidate for hydrogen storage. This paper, given the profound importance of graphene in EHS and the existing knowledge gap regarding recent developmental trends and research directions, identifies current worldwide research advancements in graphene-based EHS and the impact of the modification on overall effectiveness by conducting a comprehensive search of literature published within the past five years. It presents a comprehensive comparison of various graphene-based materials, including doped graphene structures, metal hydride-graphene composites, graphene quantum dots, and graphene-alloy composites. It also outlines the main opportunities and obstacles of graphene-based materials in EHS research according to the investigated studies and provides insights and recommendations for forthcoming research in this area.