The experiments of the 16-cylinder turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine operating with two different turbochargers were conducted at a constant speed and variable load conditions. Energy, exergy, sustainability and thermoeconomic analyses were performed at various operating loads to determine the best operating load of each turbocharger. Energy analysis indicated that the most heat loss occurred at exhaust gases in higher load. Exergy analysis pointed out that the most exergy destruction appeared in the engine block in all tests conducted. In addition, thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic parameters increased in higher load.