Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin B5 [dexpanthenol, DEX] treatment on the kidney in a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes animal model.,Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomised in one of the four groups: Group 1 served as control, and group 2 was administered high-dose DEX (300 mg/kg/day) as a safety group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) in groups 3 and 4. In group 4, DEX was administered as well. All groups were followed up for 6 weeks. Histopathological analyses were performed on renal tissue using periodic acid-Schiff and Hematoxylin-Eosin stains.,Results: Microscopic evaluation of the kidney revealed that the rats demonstrated kidney damage 6 weeks after STZ administration. However, high-dose and long-term DEX administration alone did not damage renal tissue; moreover, kidney damage was prevented if DEX was administered in the early phase of diabetes.,Conclusion: DEX could be a safe and cost-effective vitamin for the prevention of diabetes complications.