In this study, leaf anatomy and morphology of 14 species (Bellardia trixago (L.) All., Bungea trifida (Vahl) Meyer, Euphrasia pectinata Ten., Lathraea squamaria L., Lesquereuxia syriaca Boiss. & Reuter, Melampyrum arvense var. arvense L., Odontites aucheri Boiss., O. glutinosa (Bieb.) Bentham, O. verna subsp. serotina (Dumort.) Corb., Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia (L.) Carvel, P. viscosa (L.) Carvel, Pedicularis comosa var. sibthorpii (Boiss.) Boiss., Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus (Wallr.), and Rhynchocorys elephas subsp. elephas (L.) Griseb., belonging to 11 genera of the Turkish Rhinantheae (Scrophulariaceae) tribe, have been investigated using a light microscope. The common and distinct features of these species have been determined by comparison of leaf anatomical characters (stoma, mesophyll, and trichomes) and morphological characters (leaf shape, length, and width). Our results show that the Rhinantheae tribe is a heterogeneous group of the Scrophulariaceae family and their leaf anatomical and morphological characteristics vary from species to species.